Few More Reasoning Types

There are many more reasoning ahead, such as

# Criteria reasoning: comparing against established criteria.
# Decompositional reasoning: understand the parts to understand the whole.
# Deductive reasoning: starting from the general rule and moving to specifics.
# Inductive reasoning: starting from specifics and deriving a general rule.
# Modal logic: arguing about necessity and possibility.
# Traditional logic: assuming premises are correct.
# Pros-vs-cons reasoning: using arguments both for and against a case.
# Set-based reasoning: based on categories and membership relationships.
# Systemic reasoning: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
# Syllogistic reasoning: drawing conclusions from premises.

I took this information from the site: Changingminds.org

Today I am in real hurry and have really a very little time to spend on my blog. Can I expect my reader to add some comment here and elaborate this post on reasoning, please?

Well, here are the answers from the previous post:

1. c) irrigation; 2. d) loading; 3. c) sleeping; 4. c) throat; 5. b) catching; 6. c) branch; 7. a) birds; 8. c) cloth; 9. a) misery; 10. b) pool.

Here are today's set

Today's (25th September, 2008) Questions

1.

The average height of students in a class of 10 is 105 cm. If 20 more students with an average height of 120 cms join the class, what will the average height be?

a) 105 cm
b) 110 cm
c) 112 cm
d) 115 cm

2.

The missing number in the given figure is



a) 15
b) 13
c) 12
d) 10

3.

John and Joni are two brothers. John is senior to Joni by four years. Both have the same date of birth. Joni was born on Monday, the 1st of July, 1996.

On which week-day was John born?

a) Monday
b) Tuesday
c) Wednesday
d) Thursday

4.

Spot the odd figure


5.

.07 X .07 X 0.7 - .05 X .05 X .05
.07 X .07 X .07 X .05 + .05 X .05

a) .002
b) .02
c) .0002
d) .2

6.

Spot the emotion that does not belong to the group

a) laughter
b) happiness
c) rage
d) pleasure

7.

Which is the correct symbol of the swastika?


8.

_________ breeds contempt.

a) enmity
b) neighborhood
c) relationship
d) familiarity

9.

Which figure in Fig. A is hidden in the complex figure in Fig. B?



10.

What is 30% of 450?

a) 150
b) 135
c) 180
d) 1350

So, aren't they really interesting? Well, it's time to take your mouse down and go for a comment. We will be back on 1st October, 2008 with a new set of questions and answers of the current set. Till then, let us take a short leave.

3 More Reasoning Types

Cause and Effect Reasoning

If there is a cause, there must be an effect or vice-versa, that is, if there is an effect, there should be a cause. This type of reasoning helps us to predict our nature or environment. With the help of this reasoning, we appear to be rational to others.

Comparative Reasoning

Comparative reasoning, as its name suggests, adds values to some object, event or individual. With the help of comparative reasoning, we compare two or more objects together and then come to a conclusion.

Conditional Reasoning

Conditional reasoning allows the use of 'if' and 'then' at the time of projecting reason against some statement.

Well, these are briefest definition of some extensive reasoning philosophy of three reasoning. This is the time to get back to the previous post and look back to the answer. Here are the answers of the previous post:

1. c) brass; 2. d) Chennai; 3. a) entered; 4. c) carfnoit; 5. d) OLVE; 6. c) distress signal; 7. b) all clear sign; 8. c) Morse code; 9. c) distress signal; 10. b) I have found it.

Now, we will hold our breath and be ready for today's set

Today's (21st September, 2008) Questions

1. Mark the word that does not belong to the group

a) pleasure
b) anger
c) irrigation
d) irritation

2. Mark the word that does not belong to the group

a) wrinkling
b) smiling
c) frowning
d) loading

3. Mark the word that does not belong to the group

a) talking
b) walking
c) sleeping
d) running

4. Mark the word that does not belong to the group

a) ears
b) nose
c) throat
d) skin

5. Mark the word that does not belong to the group

a) drawing
b) catching
c) singing
d) dancing

6. Fill in the blanks with the most logical choice

Body includes limb as tree in include __________

a) seed
b) wood
c) branch
d) soil

7. Fill in the blanks with the most logical choice

Prison is to humans as cage is to ______________

a) birds
b) iron
c) wood
d) cart

8. Fill in the blanks with the most logical choice

Table has wood as coat has ______________

a) wear
b) trouser
c) cloth
d) shirt

9. Fill in the blanks with the most logical choice

Health is to sickness as happiness is to __________

a) misery
b) fun
c) leisure
d) relaxation

10. Fill in the blanks with the most logical choice

Candle relates to sun as __________ relates to ocean

a) cool
b) pool
c) fish
d) water

So, are you finished and be ready to answer? Then why are you waiting for? Please feel free to share your answer with the world. Use the comment box below to put your answer. Well, well, well, you will get the chance to verify your answer on 25th September, 2008. Till then, good bye and take care. :o)

Abductive Reasoning and Analogical Reasoning

There are different types of reasoning. Depending on one's own cognitive ability, an apparent individual difference is observed in this domain. In this post, we will discuss about two different types of reasoning – abductive and analogical, which will be followed by other types of reasoning in next posts. Here we go.

Abductive Reasoning

It is also referred to as inference. It affirms that the hypothesis can be best explained with the help of the relevant and evident example. For example, the object or event X is under observation. If Y is true, then X is true, which implies Y might be true.

Analogical Reasoning

The easiest form of abductive reasoning is referred to as analogical reasoning. It implies that if two or more objects or events are somewhat similar in some context, they might be similar in some other contexts too. For example, A and B are similar. If X belongs to A and Y belongs to B, then X and Y are also somewhat similar.

Now the time comes to talk about the answers of the last post.

1. c) I and II only; 2. b) 156; 3. d) all the given reasons taken together will explain the given assertion fully; 4. d) Assertion and reasoning both are wrong to some extent because drug addiction is a psycho-socio problem and a joint responsibility of parents, teachers, society and the nation; 5. a) reasoning explains assertion fully; 6. b) the given cause is only one of many such causes to bring about given effect; 7. c) 3 follows due to 2 and 2 follows due to 1; 8. b) hen; 9. b) brown; 10. c) gold

Have you checked yours already? If yes, let us now start with today's set of questions. Here they are.

Today's (17th September, 2008) Questions

1. Mark the item that does not belong to the group

a) aluminum
b) copper
c) brass
d) silver

2. If HIPLM is code fro Delhi, QUHVEW is code for

a) Mumbai
b) Nagpur
c) Kanpur
d) Chennai

3. If QUNEDRRNQ is code for PROFESSOR, DMSDQDC is code for

a) entered
b) arrive
c) slipped
d) returns

4. In defense organizations, SYSTEM is written as SYSTEM and NEARER is written as AENRER. How will FRACTION be written?

a) acrftion
b) noitcarf
c) carfnoit
d) toincarf

5. In a certain code, BAD is written as XZW, SAID is written as HZRW. LOVE will be written as

a) WXMN
b) MRSU
c) BRTP
d) OLEV

6. Relate the following codes to relevant situations.
May Day

a) happy day
b) pleasure times
c) distress signal
d) new year

7. Relate the following codes to relevant situations.
Thumbs up

a) victory sign
b) all clear sign
c) pleasure sign
d) welcome sign

8. Relate the following codes to relevant situations.

Dot Dash Dash

a) Newton’s law
b) Distress signal
c) Morse code
d) Railway signal

9. Relate the following codes to relevant situations.

S.O.S

a) low of gravitation
b) welcome sign
c) distress signal
d) victory sign

10. Relate the following codes to relevant situations.

Eureka

a) lost of found
b) I have found it
c) Welcome sign
d) Hidden treasure

Now, it's time to comment. I am really bit down to not to see any comment in my comment box. Please, please and please post some comments to give this blog a lively feel. Well, no more today, as I am taking off now. See you again on 21st September, 2008.

Multiple Intelligence: What Does that Mean?

As proposed by Dr. Howard Gardener in 1983, intelligence is constituted with 8 different factors. They are:

• Linguistic Intelligence

• Logical Mathematical Intelligence

• Spatial Intelligence

• Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

• Musical Intelligence

• Interpersonal Intelligence

• Intrapersonal Intelligence

• Naturalist Intelligence

So, according to Gardener, we should not take only a single factor under consideration. Many of us have multitude of talents. Sometimes it may be possible that a boy may not be very sharp in his academics, but that does not necessarily means that he is dumb or stupid. It may be quite possible that he is having musical intelligence, if you find him extremely melodious and he loves music from the true core of his heart. So just don’t hurt your child and prove yourself stupid enough to not become able to understand his / her intelligence type.

Now it's time to get back to the result of the last published post. Before I get into the result, I must say apology to my readers for not being able to appear on time. It is due to my mother's operation for gall-bladder stone and I had to stay there almost all the time. Now she is quite OK with her health. Well, now here is the result of the previous post.

1. (c) Friday; 2. (c) 12km; 3. (b) 110; 4. (d) 130; 5. (a) 0; 6. (c) 23; 7. (b) 1/3; 8. (d) 49; (9) (c) 64X; 10. (c) 6

Now, the time comes for today's post. Here we go.

Today's (14 September, 2008) Questions

1. If N is an integer multiple of 5, which of the following integers must also be integer multiples of 5:

I. N + 15 II. 7N III. N/5

a) I only
b) II only
c) I and II only
d) I, II, III

2. A clock strikes once at 1 o’ clock, twice at 2 o’ clock, thrice at 3 o’ clock and so on. How many times will it strike in 24 hours?

a) 144
b) 156
c) 288
d) 300

3. Assertion
The relationship between the teacher and the taught is not the same any more as it used to be till about thirty years ago.

Reasoning

i. People are far more self-centred now a days
ii. The life-style these days is of unconcern and insincerity.
iii. Most people now-a-days have too many multiple roles and find it hard to cope with them.

Which of the above reasons fully explain the given assertion?
a) 1st reason explains assertion fully
b) 2nd reason explains assertion fully
c) 3rd reason explains assertion fully
d) all the given reasons taken together will explain the given assertion fully

4. Assertion

Tackling the problem of drug addiction is the parent’s headache only and it should remain so.

Reasoning

The problem of drug addiction begins because teachers now- a – days shove away most of the responsibilities on the parents including outsized homeworks as well as the child’s personal problems.

Explain the relationship between assertion and reasoning from the point of view of explaining the problem of drug addiction more completely

a) no relationship exists.
b) drug addiction is a problem for teachers only
c) drug addiction is a problem for the Government only
d) Assertion and reasoning both are wrong to some extent because drug addiction is a psycho-socio problem and a joint responsibility of parents, teachers, society and the nation.

5. Assertion

The younger generation is reverting to cherishing some of the ancient cultural values such as ‘Live and Let Live’. Care for humanity at large’ and Belief in world brotherhood?

Reasoning

The younger generation has witnessed so much friction, violence and war that it has learnt to have the firm belief that future security can be achieved only by sharing and not by snatching.

a) reasoning explains assertion fully
b) reasoning explains assertion only fractionally
c) reasoning does not explain assertion at all
d) assertion and reasoning both are a lot of nonsense and are totally false.

6. Judge the extent of cause and effect relationship in the following statements.

CAUSE

Uncertain relationship exists these days more than ever between a student’s performance in examinations and the following academic results.

EFFECT

A greater number of hard-working students are feeling disheartened these days more than ever before.

a) there exists a one-to-one relationship between given cause and effect
b) the given cause is only one of many such causes to bring about given effect
c) the given cause and effect exist independently of each other
d) both statements of cause and effect are a lot of nonsense as such things do not exit at all

7. Given the premises that

i) A compassionate teacher felt concerned, gave personal attention and offered effective counseling to a drug addict student.
ii) The student was able to break down his drug addiction habit with the given support.
iii) The social behavior and academic performance of the student become markedly better.

Suggest the most logically-sequential order of events between the given premises.

a) no relationship exists between the given three premises
b) 1 and 2 are connected, 3 is unconnected
c) 3 follows due to 2 and 2 follows due to 1
d) 1 follows due to 3 and 2 follows due to 1

8. Mark the item that does not belong to the group

a) elephant
b) hen
c) dog
d) cat

9. Mark the item that does not belong to the group

a) yellow
b) brown
c) violet
d) indigo

10. Mark the item that does not belong to the group

a) charcoal
b) graphite
c) gold
d) diamond

The next post will appear on 17th September, 2008 with the answers of these questions and a new set of exciting questions. Till then, stay tuned. :o)

Does Birth Order Govern Intelligence Level?

If you take the cross-sectional data, the answer of this question is most probably 'Yes', but the longitudinal data says just the reverse. In the year 1973, Lillian Belmont and Francis Marolla designed a study on the size of the family in relation to birth order and level of intelligence. The study was done on nearly 386, 114 samples. Quite obviously, the study is very complex, so I will advise interested readers to refer the original article.

However, the result of this study sheds light on the following issues –

* Children coming from large family size tend to show poorer intelligence level even when social class variable remains under strict control.

* The first born does better in academics than the later born.

* As much as the size of the family is increased, there is a significant decrease in a particular birth order position.

However, Zajonc, 1976 and De Lint, 1966 show an exception to this study.

Well, now let me come to the result of previous entry. Hope you are doing well in this weekend. We are now at Shankarpur, very close to Sea Beach and enjoying the beauty of the sea at its best. Thank you all for visiting us and supporting us all the time. We are eagerly waiting for comments and more comments in the list. Here are the answers of the previous entry.

1. (d) S; 2. (c) 0; 3. (b) south; 4. (a) north; 5. (a) N-E; 6. (c) east; 7. (c) 200m; 8. (b) 08:45; (9) (b) 4:00; 10. (b) Tuesday, October 25

Now, are you ready to face today's sheet? Then, let's grab it now!

Today's (7th September, 2008) Questions

1. If the day tomo rrow is Sunday, what was it yesterday?

a) Wednesday
b) Thursday
c) Friday






2. I walk 16 km to the north, then 12 km east, and 16 km south. How far am I from the starting point?

a) 44 km
b) 28 km
c) 12 km
d) 16 km






3. A clock shows the time as 12.20. What is the angel the hour hand makes with the minutes’ hand?

a) 100
b) 110
c) 120
d) 130






4. What is the angle the hour hand of a clock makes with the minute hand when the time is 15.40?

a) 110
b) 120
c) 125
d) 130






5. How many prime numbers are integer multiples of 26?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 5
d) 2






6. The Indian contingent of athletes to the Asian games consisted of 14 men, 6 women, 24 boys and 16 girls. Approximately what per cent of the contingent were male participants?

a) 26
b) 25
c) 23
d) 20





7. A milkman has a smaller, half-full drum of milk and a larger drum of twice the capacity of the smaller drum which is one quarter full of milk. Hr adds water to the two drums so that both of them are full. He pours the contents of the two drums into a tub. What is the fraction of milk in the contents of the tub?

a) ½
b) 1/3
c) ¼
d) 3/8






8. Find the 5th root of 7. 72. 73. 74

a) 5
b) 7
c) 14
d) 49






9. A Delhi Milk Supply van delivering milk bottle crates has 7 stops after leaving the DMS Plant. At each stop half the crates remaining on the van are the unloaded at the milk booth. If at the 6th stop X number of crates are unloaded, how many creates were on the van when it left the plant?

a) 16X
b) 32X
c) 64X
d) 128X

10. Find the number * in the addition problem given below: 8 3 5 4 * 8 9 * 4 ____________ 22 * 7

a) 0
b) 4
c) 6
d) 9

Stay tuned till 10th September, 2008 for the answers. Of course, you will get a new set of questions on that very day. So, hold your breath and do brainstorming a lot.

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Mill (1806 – 1873) Had a Strong Influence over Binet's Work on Human Intelligence

When the Great French Psychologist, Alfred Binet (1857 – 1911) received his degree in law in the year 1878, he started studying science at Sorbonne. Fortunately or unfortunately, he was not somehow happy with his formal schooling system and started studying psychology of his own. Within a little time span, he became absorbed with the theories proposed by John Stuart Mill (1806 – 1873). Mill postulated that the function of human intelligence can be explained with the help of law of associationism. Binet soon understood the drawbacks of the theories proposed by Mill, but throughout his journey Mill had left a great influence all over.

Thank you again to become the part of this little effort by CWS. Today, we are having only 1 reader in our blog (Well, we are really happy even with 1 reader of course, because if we take the age of this blog content wise, it is only a 1 day blog, because it has only 1 post when our loving reader joined us). We don’t know who are you, but we want to give you special thanks to become a part of our team. We encourage you all to support us to grow further.

Well, now this is the time to talk about the answer of the previous entry. Here we go:

1. (b) 12:30PM; 2. (a) 21; 3. (c) 11; 4. (c) 2; 5. (d) 6; 6. (b) Brother-in-law; 7. (c) Great-grandson; 8. (b) Rafi; (9) (b) 5km; 10. (d) 10/2km

Now, hold your breath and ready for today's set of questions. Here we go.

Today's (4th September, 2008) Questions

1. B is 9 m east of A and 15/2 m north-east of C which is 5 m west of D. what is the direction of D from A?

a) S-W
b) S-E
c) W
d) S





2. A goes 4 km south then 8 km west then 6 km north then 8 km east and then 2 km south. How far is A from the starting point?

a) 2 km
b) 1 km
c) 0 km
d) 3 km






3. A boy started walking from a point towards north. He turned right at right angles. In what direction is he ultimately walking?

a) north
b) south
c) east
d) west






4. A man starts walking towards south. After walking 10 m he turns left at right angles. Then after 15 m, he again turns left at right-angles. In what direction is he finally walking?

a) north
b) south
c) east
d) west






5. A man started walking from a point towards south-west. After 5 m he turns right at right-angles. After 10 m he again turns right at right-angles. In what direction is he finally walking?

a) N-E
b) S-W
c) S-E
d) N-W






6. A river flows west to east and on the way turns left and goes in a semicircle round a hillock, and then turns left at right-angles. In what direction is the finally flowing?

a) north
b) south
c) east
d) west





7. A boy goes west 100 m from a starting point, then 50 m to his right at right-angles, then 100 m to his left at right-angles and then again 50 m to his left at right-angles. How far is he from the starting point?

a) 300 m
b) 250 m
c) 200 m
d) 150 m






8. A clock seen through a mirror, shows quarter past three. What is the correct time shown by the clock?

a) 03.15
b) 08.45
c) 09.15
d) 09.45






9. A clock seen through a mirror shows 8 o’ clock. What is the correct time

a) 8.00
b) 4.00
c) 12.20
d) 12.40






10. Tony was not at school on Saturday last. He was first absent for four days before that. Today is Monday, the 31st of October. When was Tony first absent? Give the day and date.

a) Monday, Oct. 24
b) Tuesday, Oct. 25
c) Wednesday, Oct. 26
d) Thursday, Oct. 27






Again we will come back on 7th September, 2008 with the answers of these questions. Please keep visiting and feel free to use the comment box below to post your answers. We really like your presence here in our blog. Thank you.

Alfred Binet (1857-1911), The Father of Reasoning Ability Test

The great French Psychologist, Alfred Binet (July 8, 1857 – October 18, 1911) was the first person to be honored for the development of early reasoning ability tests. In the year 1905, he published the first psychometric test for mental ability. At his initial days, Binet was devoted to find out the development of intellectual components among children. This is how his concept of the development of mental age took shape.

Today is the first day of this blog. We are really happy that you are here. Right now the blog is at its beta version. Please enjoy your stay here with the following 10 questions based on mental ability. The answers of these questions are not published with this post. Stay tuned till 4th September, 2008, when we will come back again with the answers of these questions and a complete new set of 10 reasoning ability questions. Enjoy.

Today's (1st September, 2008) Questions

1. Two trains are traveling at a speed of 200 km per hour. They start at the same time from opposite stations and have to cover a distance of 1000 km each to reach their destinations. If they both start at 10.00 AM, at what time will they cross each other?

a) 2.30 PM
b) 12.30 PM
c) 11.30 PM
d) 1.30 PM

2. Five boys are traveling by a train for an educational tour. After two stations, one of them, named John, gets down from the train to have a cup of tea. After five more stations all of them get down to take a stroll on the platform. Later, after three more stations, another boy, Dick, gets down to fill up his water bottle. Lastly, after passing seven more stations all of them get down from the train having completed their journey. Can you tell how many stations did the train pass through including the starting and completion of their journey?

a) 21
b) 17
c) 20
d) 18

3. A long rope has to be cut to make 23 small pieces. If it is double folded to start with how many times does it need to be cut?

a) 9
b) 23
c) 11
d) 12

4. Two runners, A and B, running around a circular track, complete one round each in7 and 14 minutes, respectively. They take a simultaneous start from the starting point. During the first 30 minutes how many times has A crossed B on the track?

a) 4
b) 3
c) 2
d) 1

5. A and B simultaneous start for running round a circular track- A running in a clockwise direction and B running in anticlockwise. A completes one round in 7 minutes and 13 in 14 minutes. In 30 minutes of running, how many times A and B cross each other?

a) 2
b) 4
c) 8
d) 6

6. Pablo has a son named Aaron. Rafi is Pablo brother. Naara too has a daughter named Rachael. Naara is Rafi’s sister. What is Aaron’s relation to Rachael?

a) Uncle
b) Brother-in-low
c) Cousin
d) No relationship

7. John divided his property among his three sons- Tom, Dick and Harry. Harry’s son Mathews had some dispute with Dick’s son. Mathews’ son Ivan helped in solving the dispute later. State what is the relationship between Ivan and John?

a) Son
b) Grandson
c) Great-grandson
d) No relationship

8. Raina’s height is 5’2”. Aaliyah is taller than Raina but she is not taller than Pam. Pam is shorter than her cousin Rafi but she is not shorter then Raina? Who is the tallest in the group?

a) Aaliyah
b) Rafi
c) Pam
d) Raina

9. A boy walks 3 km towards north-east, then 4 km south-east. How far is he from the starting point?

a) 4 km
b) 5 km
c) 6 km
d) 7 km

10. B is 10 km north-east of A and 10 km south-east of C. How far is C from A?

a) 8 km
b) 10 km
c) 12 km
d) 10/2 km

Now why don't you use the comment box and post your answers and then come back again on 4th September, 2008 to check out how many of them are correct, huh? Have fun, buddy!